Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels that can affect both the mother and the baby if not properly managed.

Causes and Risk Factors: GDM occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin to meet the increased needs during pregnancy, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Risk factors include:

• Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of developing GDM.
• Age: Women over 25 years old are at higher risk.
• Family History: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes increases the likelihood.
• Previous Gestational Diabetes: Women who have had GDM in a previous pregnancy are more likely to develop it again.
• Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups (e.g., Hispanic, African-American, Native  American, South Asian) have a higher risk.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Women with PCOS are  more likely to develop insulin resistance.